ADHD
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition commonly diagnosed in childhood but can persist into adulthood. An assessment for ADHD typically involves a combination of clinical interviews, behavioural observations, standardized questionnaires and assessment tools to ensure a comprehensive evaluation.
Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with ADHD.
Assessment Process
- Clinical Interview – A detailed interview is conducted with the individual (and often with parents, teachers, or partners, depending on age) to gather information on developmental history, current symptoms, and daily functioning. The clinician will look for patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity across multiple settings (e.g., home, school, work).
- Standardized Questionnaires – Validated rating scales such as the Conners’ Rating Scales, Vanderbilt Assessment Scales, or the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) are used to quantify the severity and frequency of symptoms.
- Behavioural Observation – Observations in structured and unstructured settings can help identify difficulties with attention, organization, and impulse control.
- Collateral Information – Input from teachers, family members, coaches or daycare staff is valuable to understand how symptoms manifest in different environments.
- Rule Out Other Conditions – The assessor will consider other possible explanations for the symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, learning disorders, or environmental factors, to ensure an accurate diagnosis.
Diagnostic Criteria
According to the DSM-5, a diagnosis of ADHD requires:
- Symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity present for at least six months.
- Symptoms are inappropriate for the individual’s developmental level.
- Several symptoms present before age 12 (for children).
- Clear evidence that symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of social, academic, or occupational functioning.
- Symptoms are present in two or more settings.
Next Steps
Following diagnosis, a tailored treatment plan may include behavioural interventions, educational supports, and/or medication management.